Swimmer’s ear, officially known as acute external otitis, is an infection of the outer ear canal (the area outside your eardrum). It was given the name “swimmer’s ear” because it is frequently a result of water remaining in the outer ear after swimming, which creates a damp environment which promotes the growth of bacteria. Swimmer’s ear can also be triggered by putting your fingers, cotton swabs, or other foreign objects into the ears, because they can scuff or injure the delicate ear canal lining, leaving it open to an opportunistic infection. Luckily for us swimmer’s ear is easily treated. If untreated, swimmer’s ear can cause severe complications so it is important to identify the signs and symptoms of the infection.

Swimmer’s ear develops due to the ear’s natural protection mechanisms (which include the glands that secrete ear wax or cerumen) becoming overloaded. Moisture in the ears, sensitivity reactions, and scrapes to the ear canal lining can all encourage bacterial growth, and cause infection. Specific activities will increase your likelihood of getting swimmer’s ear. Swimming (obviously), use of inside-the-ear devices (including hearing aids or ear buds), overly aggressive cleaning of the ear canal and allergies all increase your risk of infection.

Itching inside the ear, slight discomfort or pain which is worsened by pulling on the ear, redness and an odorless, clear liquid draining from the ear are typical signs of a mild swimmer’s ear infection. Severe itching, heightened pain and discharge of pus indicate a moderate case of swimmer’s ear. Extreme symptoms include severe pain (occasionally extending to other regions of the face, neck and head), fever, redness or swelling of the outer ear or lymph nodes, and actual blockage of the ear canal. If left untreated, complications from swimmer’s ear can be very serious. Complications might include short-term hearing loss, long-term ear infections, deep tissue infections which may spread to other parts of the body, and cartilage or bone loss. Therefore if you experience even the milder indicators of swimmer’s ear, it’s a wise decision to visit your doctor immediately.

Doctors usually diagnose swimmer’s ear after a visual exam with a lighted instrument called an otoscope. They will also check at the same time to see if there is any damage to the eardrum itself. Physicians usually treat swimmer’s ear by first cleaning the ears thoroughly, and then by prescribing eardrops to fight the infection. If the infection is serious, your physician may also prescribe oral antibiotics to help combat it.

To avoid swimmer’s ear, dry your ears completely after showering or swimming, avoid swimming in untreated water resources, and do not insert foreign objects into your ears to clean them.